Nearsightedness, or myopia, is a common refractive error where individuals can see close objects clearly, but distant objects appear blurred. This occurs when light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina rather than directly on it, resulting in a lack of sharpness in distant vision. Nearsightedness often develops in childhood and can progress over time, leading to progressively worsening vision. The primary cause of nearsightedness is an elongation of the eyeball or an excessively curved cornea, which affects how light is refracted within the eye. When the eye is longer than normal or the cornea is too curved, light rays focus before they reach the retina, causing distant objects to appear out of focus. Genetics play a significant role in myopia, with a higher likelihood of developing nearsightedness if parents are affected. Environmental factors, such as prolonged close-up work or limited time spent outdoors, are also thought to contribute to its development.
Treatment for nearsightedness typically involves corrective measures to improve vision. The most common treatments include wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses that adjust the light entering the eye to focus properly on the retina. Eyeglasses with concave lenses are prescribed to diverge light rays before they enter the eye, thereby compensating for the excessive curvature or elongation. Contact lenses, which sit directly on the cornea, serve a similar purpose. For a more permanent solution, refractive surgery options like LASIK or PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) can reshape the cornea to correct the focus and reduce dependence on corrective lenses. Regular eye examinations are important to monitor vision changes and adjust prescriptions as needed.
